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February 02, 2021

 


 2.  DATE AND TIME FUNCTION :- 

  Microsoft excel far windows, uses the 1900 date system in which serial numbers correspond to the       numbers correspond to the dates January 1, 1900 through December 31, 9999.

*   To insert the current time shortcutis ctri+:(colon)

*   To insert the current date shortcut is ctrl+;(semicolon)

   DATE (YEAR, MANTH, DAY):-

       Returns the serial number of a particular date. Year ia a number from 1900 to 9999. Month is a        number representing the month of the year. If month is greater then 12, then month adds that               number of month to the first month in the year specified.


          E.g = Date (2010,14,2) returns the serial number representing February 2, 2011.


*   Day is a number representing the day is a greaterthan the number of days in the month specified,       then days adds that number of days to the first day in the month. For example, Date(2011,1,35)        returns Febuary 4,2011.

  =Date(99,1,1)equals 36161,the serial number corresponding to January 1, 1999.


   NOW() :- 

Returns the serial number of the current date and time value returned by Now() function will change each time when worksheet is calculated.


DATE VALUE() :-

This function converts a date in text from to a date serial number.

                    Sy = Date value("date")

DAY() :- 

This function return the day of a date.

                        =Day("date") 

MONTH() :-

This function return the month of a date.

                               =Month("date")

  YEAR() :-

This function return the year of a date.

                          =Year("date")


WEEKDAY() :- 

This function returns an integer from 1 faor sunday to 7 fao saturday.

                                  =Weekday("date")


DAYS360() :- 

This function calculates the number of days beteen two dates.

                                =Days360("date1","date2")


*       SHOOTCUT KEYS 

          Time =ctrl+shift+:

           Date =ctrl+;

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October 25, 2020
 



    The following are different method to select a rang of cells .


* Click on a cell and hold down the left mouse button drag the mouse pointer 
   across different cells and release the mouse button . 

* Click on a cell place the mouse pointer on the last of the rang and press 
   shift key on the keyboard and click on the left mouse button . 

* To block non continuous cells . Press ctrl key drag from the center of cells . 

* To block the cell or a row . Click on the row number to the lift side of 
  worksheet . 

* To b lock the cell in a column , click on the column header at the top of 
   the worksheet . 

* To select entire worksheet press ctrl + A or click on select alt button . A place above the first row            number and before the first column letter [ Top  left corner of the worksheet ] . 


Select All Button  
                           




* Cell References :- 

A formula represents certain cell relationship . Which generates a result when typing the cell address in the formula three types of cell references can be used . A cell reference specifies when the formula is copied to other cells . Its column or row number is to change or net .



* Relative Reference :- 
If a formula with relative reference is copied the cell reference used in the formula will automatically change in the copied cell . 

For example :- When the formula = B3*x3 in cell D3 is copied to D4 the formula will be = B4*C4 in the cell D4 .

 
Mixed Reference :- 
If a formula with mixed reference is copied the cell reference used in the 
formula will change either the column letter or row number but not both of 
them . To achieve this use symbol before the column letter or the row number 

For example :- When the is copied to D4 . It will be = &B&3 * C4 .

 
Absolute Reference :- 
If the formula with absolute reference is copied the cell reference used in the formula remain unchanged ( no change in column or row number ) . To achieve this use symbol before the column letter and row number for example , When the formula = &B&3 * &C&3 in cell D3 is copied .

 
                      *  FUNCTIONS  *


* Function shortens a formula for example to add the values in the cells c1 to c10 the formula is = c1         +c2 +c3+c4+c5+c6+c7+c8+c9+c10.If the function is used we need to type only = sum(c1:c10) 

* Complex formula can be create using functions and sum tasks can be accomplished only by using the     functions for example to display the current date and time using today()and now () functions.

                  How many types of functions?

There are five types of functions.

(1) mathematical and statistical function.
(2) Date and time function 
(3) Text function 
(4) Logical function
(5) Financial function


(1)  Mathematical and statistical function:- 

 
Sum ():-
it is a mathematical function used to add the numeric value in a range of cells.



Average ():-
calculate and returns the average (arithmetic mean) of the number value in the range of cells.






Max ():-
Returns the largest value in the range.





Min ():- 
Returns the lowest value in the range .



Count():- 
Counts the number of cells date contain numbers in the specified range.



 Counta ():- 
Counts the number of cells tht are not empty in the specified range.




Count Blank ():-
counts empty cell in a specified range of cells.





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To move from one cell to another the keyboard can also be used .



                     
 
                        * Enter and edit data *


Entries can be of 4 different type they are :- 


. Text :- 
Text in a cell can include any combination of letters number and keyboard symbols . A cell can contain 32767 characters . If column width prevents a text string filling visually in a cell the display extends over neigh boing cells however if the neigh boing cell are occupied the display is truncated . To store a number as a text entry use apostrophe ( , ) as the first character . 


Number :- 
Number include digit from 0 to 9 and some special characters like &,%,+,-,/,() etc . Date and time are stored as number . if 8-15 is entered in a cell excel will display it as 15-aug when an unformatted number does net fit in a cell it is displayed in scientific nolation when a formatted number does not fit in cell #### is displayed . 


Logical values :- 
Logical are entries TRUF and FALSF ( uppercase only ) can be entered in the cells . 


. Formulas :- 
Formulas are entered into the cell to perform calculations . A formulas begins with an equal sign (=) . After completing the formula entry the result of  formula will be displayed in the cell and the formula will be displayed in the formula bar . If the formula entered is wrong error values are stored in the cell .   in functions which    used to perform some calculations are also treated as a formula entry . 


To make any entry in the cell :- 
Select a cell type the content of cell . Press enter or press arrows  keys or click on any other cell to complete the entry .


To Edit the Cell Content :-
Click on the formula bar ( which displays the active cell content ) . Make the correction and press enter to delete the cell content click on the cell and press delete .


Range of Cell :-
Range is a group of cell of ( also called as a block ) selected generally to make the cell formatting to specify a range of cells using the mouse click and drag from the middle of cell ( the mouse pointer should return to doctor's + symbol ) . In the following example the cell F4 to F7 are selected that is the block is F4 to F7 written as F4 ; F7 ( use a single dot or double dot last cell address in a range ) .
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 Row Header:-
Rows run horizontally in Ms Excel worksheet and are identified by a number in the row header there are 1048576 rows (lines) numbered is 1,2,3....1048576 . First row number is 1 and last row number is 1048576 to go to cell in last row press end and down arrow key to return to cell in first row press end and up arrow key .




Sheet Tabs:-
Each of these note book like tabs represents a different sheet in the workbook . A workbook can have any number of sheets and each sheet has its name displayed in a sheet tab switching between worksheets in an Ms Excel file is done by clicking on the sheet tab .

Insert worksheet :- 
By default each new workbook that you create contain three sheets . Add a new sheet by clicking the insert worksheet button ( which is displayed after the last sheet tab ) .

Sheet scroll buttons :- 
Use these to scroll the sheet tabs to display tabs that aren't visible . 

Status bar :- 
This bar displays various messages as well as the status of the num lock caps lock and scroll lock keys on your keyboard . It also shows summary information about the range of cell that is selected . Right click the status bar to change the information that's displayed .

View buttons :- 
Change the way the worksheet is displayed by clicking on of the buttons . 

Worksheets within workbook :- 
Ms-excel document ( file are know as workbooks ) . Each workbook contains 3 worksheet by default . Adding or deleting the sheet can change the number of sheets . Each sheet is named uniquely like sheet 1 sheet 2 etc .

                    Which is displayed in the sheet tab a workbook can also contain chart sheets . Which                       are named as chart 1 , chart 2 etc by default . 

                     When Ms Excel is loaded it automatically opens a new workbook named book 1                                (with  extention  XL 5X) . this name is displayed on the tittle bar  .

                     The main part of the Ms Excel screen is the worksheet area a grid of rows and                                 columns  . the worksheet contains 1048576 rows and 16384 columns .


Cell:-
The intersection of a column and a row is called a cell . Each cell has a cell address . The cell address consists of the column letter and row number foe insternce the first cell is an in first column and first row number is 1 . Therefore the first cell name address is A1 first cell is also called as home cell . Similarly the last cell address is xfd1048576 . ( column xfd and row 1048576 ) . At any time one cell can be active and the address of the name box . A thick black border indicates the active cell . Any cell can be mode active by clicking on that cell . Using key combinations also it is possible to move quickly to the desired cell . 

Navigate worksheet :- 
Using the mouse you can move to any cell of any worksheet of an open workbook . 

* To scroll through different parts of the worksheet drag the scroll box in 
   the scroll bars or click on the arrow marks in the scroll bars . 

* To go to different sheets in the workbook click on the desired sheet name 
   in the sheet tab . 

* To go to a desired cell click inside the cell or click on find & select >
   Go to in editing group of home tab . Type the desired cell address in the reference 
   box ( for example . D7 ) and click on ok . 

   or,
* Click on the name box . type the desired cell address and press Enter .


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                           Ms Excel 


Introduction :- 
Ms-Excel is a spreadsheet worksheet package when calculations are mode on paper and certain data must be change then the entire work must be recalculated on re-written . If a spreadsheet package is used then the re-calculation is automatic . the details of bank passbook tax inventory purchase and sale can also be maintained using a spreadsheet package . Latus 1-2-3 , quattro pro-symphony ms-excel etc . are spreadsheet .


Objectives :-
After going this unit you will be able to . 


. Start ms-excel 

. Identify different parts of worksheet . 

. Create save open and close a workbook . 

. Work with formulas and functions .

. Exit from ms-Excel . 


Excel basic :- 
Before working with ms-excel it must be started and different parts of excel spreadsheet must be identified . 


To start ms-excel :- 
To start ms-excel first boot the computer loading windows . Then follow any one of the following 4 methods to start ms-excel . 


. Click on start button on the taskbar . select programs > ms-office > ms-excel . 

. From windows explorer double click on any excel icon will be present in 

microsoft office folder will start and the will be opened . 

. Select start > Run Type excel and click on ok excel . EXE is the executable file name of 

ms-excel present in microsoft office folder . 

 Double click on the excel shortcut icon on windows desktop . (If any ) . 


Parts of ms-excel spreadsheet :- 
When ms-excel is loaded . The excel window will appear on the screen excel window appearance with its parts is given below . 


Tittle bar :-
Displays the application name file name and various window control like minimize button maximize button and close button . 


Menu bar :- 
Different options for selection . 


Standard toolbar :- 
Displayed by default allows to give common commands like saving the file opening a file printing etc . 


Formatting toolbar :- 
Allow the user to give commands related to formatting cell and contents like bold underline font style font size color etc . 


Name box :-
Display the address of the current cell . 


Formula bar :- 
Located above the worksheet this area displays the contents of the active cell .It can also be used for entering or editing data and formulas . 


Active cells :- 
The active cell is recognized by its black outline data is always entered in to the active cells different cell can b e mode active by clicking on them with the mouse by using the arrow keys on the keyboard . 


Column header :- 
Columns run vortically on a worksheet and each one is identified by a letter are 16384 columns numbered as A , B , C ...... Z , AA , AB ...... AZ , BA , BB ..... XFD first column name A and last column name is XFD . To go to the cell in last column header press end and right arrow key to return to the cell in first column press end and left arrow key . 


   

  

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                    FINISH


Finish & merge:- 
Complrte the marge  you can create sparate documents for each copy the letter  then all directly to the printer or send then via . e-mail .


                   REVIEW 

Proofing 


Speling & grammar:- 
check the speling and grammar of teret in the document (f7) .


Research :- 
Open the research task. pane to search through refrence materrials, such as dictionaries, encyclopedias,and transaction services (Alt + click).


Thesaurus:- 
Suggest other word with a similar meaning to the word for you have selected (shift + f7).


Translate :- 
Translate the selected teret into a diffrent language.


Translation screen tip:- 
Enable a screen tip that translates word you puse your cursor over into another language.


Set Language:- 
Set language used to check the spelling and grammer of the selected teret .


Word Count :-
Find out the number characters paragraphs and & lines in the document . you can also find the word count in the status bar at the bottun of the window .


                                        COMMENT

New Comment :- 
Add a comment about the selection .


Delete comments:- 
Click here to delete . all of the comment in the document or just the once .that are show on the screen .


Previous Comment :- 
Navigate to the previos comment in the document.


Next Comment :- 
Navigate to the next comment in the document .


                                  TRACKING


Track Changes:- 
Track all changes made to the document including insertion , deletion and formatting changes . 

(Ctrl + Sift + E)


Balloons:- 
Choose how to show revisions to the document . you show revision margins of the document or show then directly within the document if self.


Final showing markup :- 
choose how to view the proposed changes to the document. final show the document with all proposed changes document before any changes were made . the markup show what changes  have been proposed .


Reviewing Pane :- 
Show revisions in a sparate window.

                    CHANGES

Accept :- 
Click here to access other option such as accepting all changes in the document .


Reject :- 
Click the arrow to access other option such as rejection all changes in the document .


Previous Change :- 
Navigate to the previous revision in the document so that you can accept or rejection it .


Next change :- 
Navigate to the document so that you can accept or reject it .


                              COMPARE

Compare :- 
Compareor combine multiple versions of a document .


Show Source Document :- 
Choose which source document to show . you can show the origional document 
the revised document or both .


                             PROTECT
Protect Document :- 
Restric how people can access the document .


                              VIEW

Document view


Print Layout :- 
View the document as it will apper on the printed page .


Full Screen Reading :- 
View the document in full screen reading view in order to maximize the space 
available for reading or ,commenting on the document


Web Layout :- 
View the document as it would look as a web page .


Outline View :- 
View the document as an outline and show the outline tools .


Draft :- 
View the document as a draft to quickly edit the text . Creation elements of the document such as headers and footer will not be visible in this view .


                            SHOW / HIDE


Ruler :- 
View the rulers, used to measure and line up object in the document .


Gridlines :- 
Turn on gridline to wich you can align obects in the document .


Message :- 
Open the message bar to complete any required action on the document .


Document Map :- 
Open the document ap, which allows you to navigate through a structural view of the document .


Thumbnails :- 
Open , witch you can use to navigate a long document through small picture of each pagr .


                             ZOOM

Zoom :- 
Open the zoom dialog box to specify the zoom level of the document . we can also use the
 zoom control in the status bar at the botton ot the window to quickly zoom the document .


One Page :- 
Zoom the document so that an entire page fits in the window .


Two Page :-
Zoom the document so that two pages fit in the window . 


Page Width :-
Zoom the document so that the width of the page matches the width of the window .


                               WINDOWS 


New Window :-
Open a new window containing a view of the current document .


Arrange all :-
Tile all open program windows side by side on the screen .


Split window :- 
split the current window into tow parts so that you can view different seation of the document at the same time .


View side By side :- 
View tow document side by side so that you can compare their contents.


Synchronos Scrolling :- 
Synchronize the scrolling of tow documents so that they scroll together .To enable this feature ,turn on side by side .


Resat Window  Position :-
Reset the window position of the documents being compared side by side so
 that they Share the screen equally .


Switch window :-
Switch to different currently open windows .


                   MACROS

Macros :-
Click here to record a macro or to access other macro options .

           (Alt + f8) 


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                             PARAGRAPH 


Indent Left :- 
Move in the left side of the paragraph by a certain amount .


Indent Right :- 
Move in right side of the paragraph by a certain amount .


Spacing Before :- 
Chang the spac between paragraphs or by adding space above the selected paragraph .


Spacing After :-
Change the space between paragraph by adding space below the selected paragraph .


                             


ARRANGE 

Position :-
Position the selected abject on the page . text is automatically set to wrap around the object .


Bring To Front :- 
Bring the selected object in front of all other objects so that no part of it is hidden behind another object . 


Send To Back :- 
Send the selected object behind all other object .


Text Wrapring :- 
Change the may text wraps around the selected object .


Alingn :- 
Aling the edges of multiple selected object we can also ce3nter . Then or distribute then evenly across the page .


Group :- 
Group objects together so that they can be treated like a single object .


Rotate :- 
Rotate or filp the selected object . 


                           REFERENCES 


 Table Of Contents

 


Table Of Contents :- 
Add a table of contents to the document . Once you have added a teble of content click the add text button to add enteries to the table .


Add Text :- 
Add the current paragraph as an entry in the table of content . 


Update Table :- 
Update the table of contents so that all the entries refer to the current page number . 


                            FOOTNOTES 


Insert Footnotes :- 
Add a footnote to the document . Footnotes are automatically renumbered as you move text around the document . 

                       ( Alt + ctrl + f )


Indert Endnote :- 
Add an endnote to the document . Endnates are placed at the end of the document .

                      ( Alt + ctrl + D )


Next Footnote :- 
Navigate to the next footnote in the document . Click the arrow to navigate to the previous footnotes in the document or to navigate to the next or previous endnote   

  

Show Notes :- 
Scroll the document to show where the footnotes or endnotes are located .


                    

              CITATIONS AND BIBLIOGRAPHY


Insert citations :-
Cite a book journ al article or other periodical as the source for a risce of information in the document . Choose from the list of sources you have created or enter information for a new source . Word formats the citation according to the style you have selected .

Manage Source :-
View the list of all the sources cited in the document .

Bibliography Style :-
Choose the style of citation to use in the document . Popular choices include APA stlye chicago stlye
and MLA style .

Bibliography :-
Add a bibliography which list all the source cited in the document .

                        

              CAPTIONS


Insert Caption :-
Add a caption to a picture or other image . A caption is a line of text that appears below on object to describe it .

Insert Table Of Figures :-
Insert a table of figure into the document . A table of figures includes a equation in the document .

Update Tables :-
Update the table of figures to include all of the entries in the document .

Cross Reference :-
Refer to items such as heading : figures and table by inserting a cross - reference such as "see table 6 below "or "turn to page 8" . Cross references are automatically update if the content is moved to another location by default , Cross - reference are inserted as hyperlink .

                             INDEX

Mark Entry :-
Include the selected text in the index of the document .
                       ( Alt + shift + x )

Insert Index :-
Insert an Index into the document . An index is a list of keywords found in the document along with the
page number the word upper on .

Update Index :-
Update the index so that all the entries refer to the correct page number .

                             

                            TABLE OF AUTHORITES


Mark citation :-
Add the selected text as an entry in the table of authorities .
                          ( Alt + shift + I )

Insert Table Of Authorities :-
Insert a table of authorities into the document . A table of authorities lists the cases , statutes and other authorities cited in the document .

Update Table Of Authorities :-
Update the table of authorities to include all of the citations in the document .

                              MAILINGS


Create Envelopes :-
Create and [print envelopes .

Levels :-
Create and print labels you can select from a number of popular paper labels
styles and shapes .

                          

                         START MAIL MERGE


Start Mail Merge :-
Start mail merge to create a from letter which you intedent to print or e-mail multiple times , sending each copy to a different recipient . You can insert field such as home or address which word will replace automatically with information from a database or contact list for each copy of letter .

Select Recipient :-
Choose the list of people you intend to send the letter to . You can type your own list use your outlook contacts or connect to a database .

Edit Recipient List :-
Make changes to the list of recipient and decide which of them should receive your letter . You can also sort , filter , find and remove duplicates , or validate address from the list .

                       

                  WRITE AND INSERT FIELDS


Highlight Marge Fields :-
Highlight the fields you have insert in to the document . This makes it easy to use which part of our from letter will b e replaced by information from the recipient list you have chosen .

Address Block :-
Add on address to your letter you specify the formatting and location and word will replace it with actual address from your recipient list when you finish the mail merge .

Greeting Line :-
Add a greeting line such as "Dear" << first name >> to your document .

Insert Merge Fields :-
Add any fields from your recipient list to the document such as "Last name"  "Home phone other fields . When you finish the mail merge word will replace these fields with the actual information from the recipient list .

Rule :-
Specify rules to add decision making ability to the mail merge .

Match Fields :-
Match fields allows you to tell word the meaning of different fields in your recipient list for example . You can indicate that your custom field "home" is eqivalent to normal built in field "home phone" .

Update Labels :-
If you are creating labels , update all the label in the document to use information from the recipient list for a mail merge to a printed letter or e-mail this command is not necessary .

                          PREVIEW RESULTS

Preview Results :-
Replaced the merge fields in your document with actual data from your recipient list so you can see what it looks like .

Find Recipient :-
Find and preview a specific record in the recipient list by searching for text .

Auto Check For Errors :-
Specify how to handle errors that occur when completing the mail merge . You
also have the option of simulating the mail merge to see if any errors would
occur .

The occur when completing tha mail merge. you also have the option of simulatirythe mailmerge to sei if any Errors would occur .

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